Cardiology Drugs

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[gim_free topic="pharmacology" section="cardiovascular"]

Antihypertensives

  • What is pharmacology?
  • Drug nomenclature (generic vs brand names)
  • Drug classes
  • Routes of administration
  • Drug formulations

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Drug Class Mechanism Main indications Contraindications Major adverse effects Monitoring
Ramipril
Lisinopril		 ACE inhibitor Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Hypertension, heart failure, post-MI. Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis, previous angioedema. Dry cough, hyperkalaemia, AKI, angioedema. U&Es, creatinine, potassium, BP.
Losartan
Candesartan		 ARBs Blocks angiotensin II receptors. Hypertension, heart failure. Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis. Hyperkalaemia, dizziness. U&Es, creatinine, potassium, BP.
Amlodipine
Nifedipine		 CCBs Blocks L-type calcium channels causing vasodilation. Hypertension, angina. Severe hypotension, cardiogenic shock. Peripheral oedema, flushing, headache. Blood pressure.
Indapamide
Bendroflumethiazide		 Thiazide-like diuretics Act on the distal convoluted tubule to increase sodium and water loss. Hypertension, mild fluid overload. Gout, severe renal impairment, hyponatraemia. Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, dehydration. U&Es, blood pressure.
Atenolol
Bisoprolol		 Beta blockers Block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility. Hypertension, angina, heart failure, AF rate control. Asthma, bradycardia, heart block. Bradycardia, fatigue, cold extremities. Heart rate, blood pressure.
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Heart Failure Drugs

  • What is pharmacology?
  • Drug nomenclature (generic vs brand names)
  • Drug classes
  • Routes of administration
  • Drug formulations

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Drug Flashcard Tables
Drug Class Mechanism Main indications Contraindications Major adverse effects Monitoring
Naloxone ACE inhibitor Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Hypertension, heart failure, post-MI. Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis, previous angioedema. Dry cough, hyperkalaemia, AKI, angioedema. U&Es, creatinine, potassium, BP.
N-acetylcysteine Calcium channel blocker Blocks L-type calcium channels causing vasodilation. Hypertension, stable angina. Severe hypotension, cardiogenic shock. Peripheral oedema, flushing, headache. Blood pressure.
Glucagon DMARD Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing immune cell proliferation. Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease. Pregnancy, severe liver disease. Bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, pneumonitis. FBC, LFTs, U&Es.
Calcium gluconate DMARD Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing immune cell proliferation. Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease. Pregnancy, severe liver disease. Bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity, pneumonitis. FBC, LFTs, U&Es.
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References

  1. Ashley C, Dunleavy A (eds). The Renal Drug Handbook: The Ultimate Prescribing Guide for Renal Practitioners. 5th Edition. CRC Press; 2018.
  2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). https://www.nice.org.uk/
  3. British National Formulary (BNF). https://bnf.nice.org.uk/